Is it always blepharitis? Urbach-Wiethe syndrome (lipoid proteinosis) / É sempre blefarite? Síndrome de Urbach-Wiethe (proteinose lipóide)

ABSTRACT A 12-year-old girl presented with recurrent crusty debris and dandruff at the base of both eyelashes despite having completed different medical treatments. She had had a hoarse voice since her early childhood. Upon anterior segment examination of the eyes, we found yellow-white, bead-like papules on the margins of the eyelids. An otolaryngologist detected multiple nodules on the vocal cords and buccal mucosa. Ultrasonography revealed salivary stones in the main parotid ducts. And a dermatological examination revealed thickened skin lesions on the elbows and knees with a biopsy showing histopathological findings of lipoid proteinosis. We diagnosed the patients as having Urbach-Wiethe syndrome or lipoid proteinosis, a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with variable manifestations vary that difficult the diagnosis. The ocular manifestations are not well known among ophthalmologists, but the typical lid lesions are pathognomonic and ophthalmologists should be aware of this presentation to identify patients with Urbach-Wiethe syndrome.

RESUMO Uma menina de 12 anos apresentava restos crostosos e caspa recorrente na base de ambos os cílios, apesar de ter completado diferentes tratamentos médicos. Ela tinha uma voz rouca desde a infância. No exame do segmento anterior dos olhos, encontramos pápulas amarelo-esbranquiçadas nas margens das pálpebras. Um otorrinolaringologista detectou múltiplos nódulos nas cordas vocais e na mucosa bucal. A ultrassonografia revelou cálculos salivares nos principais ductos parotídeos. Um exame dermatológico revelou lesões cutâneas espessas nos cotovelos e joelhos com uma biópsia mostrando os achados histopatológicos de proteinose lipoide. Diagnosticamos os pacientes da síndrome de Urbach-Wiethe ou proteinose lipoide, um distúrbio multissistêmico autossômico recessivo raro, com manifestações variáveis, que dificultam o diagnóstico. Manifestações oculares não são bem conhecidas entre oftalmologistas, mas as lesões típicas da pálpebra são patognomônicas e os oftalmologistas devem estar atentos a essa apresentação para identificar pacientes com síndrome de Urbach-Wiethe.

Syndrome in question

Abstract: Morbihan Syndrome is a rare entity with unknown etiology. It is clinically characterized by chronic erythematous edema on the face - especially in the middle and upper third of the face - and creates abnormal facial contours that are initially intermitent but become permanent with the development of the syndrome. The histopathology is nonspecific and its therapy is a major challenge due to poor response to the various treatment options. We present the case of a male patient with a five-month-history of disease.

Síndrome de ataxia telangiectasia (enfermedad de Louis Barr): una rara facomatosis / Syndrome of ataxia telangiectasia (Louis Barr disease): a rare facomatosis

La ataxia telangiectasia o síndrome de Louis Barr es un raro desorden neurodegenerativo de carácter autosómico recesivo, caracterizado por afectación multisistémica: neurológica, oftalmológica, inmunológica, endocrina, hepática y cutánea. El complejo clínico comprende la presencia de ataxia cerebelosa progresiva, telangiectasias oculocutáneas, enfermedad sinopulmonar crónica, elevada incidencia de neoplasias y una inmunodeficiencia combinada. Es causada por mutación en el gen ataxia telangiectasia, localizado en el locus 11 q22-23, lo que da lugar a deficiencias en su expresión. Su frecuencia se calcula en 1:80.000 y 1,4 % de la población es portadora del gen. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con documentación fotográfica.

The syndrome of ataxia telangiectasia or Louis Barr disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder autosomal recessive, characterized by multisystem involvement: neurological, immunological, endocrine, ophthalmological, hepatic and cutaneous. The clinical complex includes the presence of progressive cerebellar ataxia, ocular and cutaneous telangiectasia, chronic sinopulmonar disease, high incidence of neoplasms and combined immunodeficiency. It is caused by mutation in the gene for ataxia telangiectasia, located in the q22-23 11 locus, which leads in its expression to numerous deficiencies. Its frequency is calculated in 1:80.000, and 1,4% of the population is a carrier of the gene. The case of a patient with photographic documentation is presented.

Homeopatía y Oftalmología: las blefaritis / Homeopathy and Ophthalmology: blepharitis

La homeopatía resulta un sistema terapéutico útil para el tratamiento de afecciones oftalmológicas. Su aplicación en patología ocular depende de 4 premisas, a saber, amenaza de la función visual, tipo y modo evolutivo de la enfermedad, umbral de sensibilidad individual y potencial de reacción del sujeto. Dentro de las enfermedades susceptibles de ser tratadas por este sistema se encuentran las blefaritis. En la presente revisión se analiza la enfermedad en sí, a la vez que se resumen las posibilidades de la homeopatía frente a los pacientes afectados por dicha afección mediante una farmacodinamia simplificada de los medicamentos susceptibles de utilizarse de acuerdo con los resultados de las patogénesis de cada una de dichas sustancias.

Homeopathy constitutes an useful therapeutical system for treatment of ophthalmological problems. The use of this technique in eye pathology depends on four premises, that is, visual function in peril, type and progression of disease, individual susceptibility threshold and reaction potentialities of the subject. Blepharitis is one of the diseases that may be treated by this system. The present review analyzed the disease as such together with the homeopathy possibilities in affected patients by means of a simplified drug dynamics of medications to be used according to the results of pathogenesis in each of these substances.